Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism Engineering Essay

Crank And Slotted Lever appliance Engineering EssayIn a kinematic bowed stringed instrument when one link is fixed, then that chain is cognise as mechanism. It may be used for bestowting or transforming motion for example engine indicators, typewriters etc.1A mechanism which has four tie in is known as simple mechanism, and a mechanism which has more than four links is known as complex mechanism. A mechanism which is required to transmit some particular type of work is knows as machines. In certain cased the elements have to be designed to withstand the depicts safely.A mechanism is a kinematic chain in which kinematic pairs are connected in such a way that first link is joined to the last link to transmit a predetermined constrained motionThe divers(a) parts of the mechanism are c whollyed as links or elements. When twain links are in strain and a congress motion is possible, then they are known as a pair. An arbitrary set of a link which forms a closed chain which is cap able of relative motion and that potty be made into a rigid structure by adding a single link is known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from a kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. The technique obtaining different mechanism by fixing the various link in turn is knows as upending. 2 build 1.1-Chart illustrating kinematic pair makes up a machineCHAPTER 2KINEMATIC PAIRSTwo links that can move with respectfulness to each other by a mechanical constraint between them, with one or more degrees of granting immunityThe relative motion between two links of a pair can take different form. Three types of pair are identified as overturn pairs and these are the commonly occurring ones.skid much(prenominal) as occurs between a piston and a cylinderTurning Such occurs with a wheel on an axle screw propeller Motion Such as occurs between a nut and a bolt both other cases are considered to be combination of sliding and rolling is called higher pairs. Screw pair is higher pai r as it combines turning and sliding.2.1 Classification of Kinematic equatesSince kinematics pairs deals with relative motion between two links then can be classifies base on the characteristics of relative motion between two bodies.The type of relative motion between the elementsThe type of contact between the elementsThe type of closure1The type of relative motion between the elementsThe kinematic pair according to type of relative motion can classified as belowSliding PairTurning PairRolling PairScrew PairSpherical Pair2.1.2 The type of contact between the elementsThe kinematic pair according to type of contact between the elements can be classifiedLower PairHigher Pair2.1.3 The type of closureThe kinematic pair according to type of closure between the elements can be classified asSelf -Closed PairForce -Closed Pair2.2 GRUBLERS CRITERION FOR PLANAR applianceThe Grublers criterion applies to mechanism with only single degree of freedom joints where the overall movability of the mechanism is unity.Subtituting n=1 and h=0 in kutzbach equation we have 3F= 3 (n-1) 2j hThe equation is known as Grublers criterion for plane mechanisms with constrained motion.2j-3n+h+4=0Where, F= procedure of degrees of freedom of a chainj= number of lower kinematic pairsh = number of higher kinematic pairsn= number of linksWhen F=1, the linkage is called a mechanism.When F=0 it forms a structure. That is an application of extraneous force does not make up relative motion between any links of a linkageWhen F1 the linkage will require more than one external driving force 2 obtain constrained motionWhen F2.3 KINEMATIC CHAINA Kinematic Chain is defined as a closed web of links, connected by kinematic pairs so that the motion is constrained.First a network of links to give constrained motion, certain conditions are to be satisfied. Minimum number of three links is required to form a closed chain .The three links are connected with turning pairs.Fig.2.1 (a) A Five-Link Kinematic C hain (b) Six-Link Kinematic Mechanism2.3.1 Types of kinematic chainsThe most important kinematic chains are those which consists of four lower pairs, each pair being a sliding pair or a turning pairFour Bar Chain or Quadric cyclic ChainSingle Slider Crank chainDouble yellow-bellied terrapin ballock chain2.3.2 InversionsInversion is a method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain. A particular inversion of a mechanism may give rise to different mechanism of practical unity, when the proportions of the link are changed 2.CHAPTER 3SLOTTED LINK QUICK RETURN MECHANISMSlotted link mechanism which is commonly used in shaper mechanism. The mechanism which converts rotary motion of electric get and gear box into the reciprocating motion of push back which is the most simple and compact machine.3Fig 3.1 Slotted link mechanismThe slotted link mechanism which is mainly divided into seven main parts .They areA Clamping nutB RamC Link DD Crankpi n AE Slotted petulant BF Bull WheelG GlotSlotted link mechanism gives ram the higher velocity during the return stroke (i.e. Non cutting stroke) .Then the forward stroke which reduces the wasting during the return stroke. 4When the bull wheel is revolved the crank pin A is alike rotated side by side through the slot the crank B. This makes the slotted crank B.This makes the slotted crank to oscillate about(predicate)(predicate) one end C.The oscillation motion of slotted crank makes ram to reciprocate. The intermediate D is required to accommodate the rise and fall of the crank.Crank Pin A decides the length of the strokes of the shaper. The further its away from the center of the bull wheel longer is its stroke.The cutting stroke of the ram is complete while crank pin moves from A to A1 and slotted link goes from left to right.During return stroke pin moves from A1 to A and link moves from right to leftCutting succession/Idle Time = Angle of AZA1/ Angles of AZA23.1 maker M ECHANISMThe working of a shaper mechanism is that it has two stokes. One is forward stroke and the other is return stroke. Clearing up more about these two strokes is that in the forward stroke the material is feeded, where as in the return stroke is an idle stroke when no material is feeded.6Fig 3.2 manufacturer MechanismShaping process which involves only short setup time and uses only inexpensive faunas. Shaping is used for the production of gears ,splined shafts racks etc. it can produce one or two such parts in a shaper less time that is required to setup for production. Other alternatively equipment with a higher output rate is required. 5The cost per cubic cm of metal removal by shaping may be as five multiplication more than that of the removal by milling or broaching. Shaping machines are mainly used in tool rooms or model shops.3.2 maker CUTTING SPEEDThe cutting speed depends onThe type of material used.The amount of material removed.The kinds of tool material.The rigi dity of machine.3.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITHWORTH AS intumesce AS QUICK RETURN MECHANISMMaximum pressure is holding the ram down the slides so that steadying is most necessary on ingress the cutIn Whitworth motion, the main pressure is in the correct place, less pressure is required in center of stroke.Slotted link motion is opposite to all the points explained above.Not withstanding the recompense stated above for the Whitworth motion, constructional difficulty make it more suitable for traversing head shaping machines and slotting machines, so that the crank motion, despite its restrictions finds universal modification for the pillar style of shaping machines.6CHAPTER 4DESIGN OF CRANK AND SLOTTED jimmy MECHANISMDesign and fabrication of crank and slotted lever mechanism and also doing the geomorphological and thermal psychoanalysis of crank shaft. Drawing the velocity diagram of the mechanism.Fig 4.1 Dimensions for the components using Auto firedogDESIGNING USING CATIAThe d esign of different components is explained here using Catia.SLOTTED LEVERSlotted lever connected to the crank shaft which provides the forward and backward motion of the tool post. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. contrastive view of the slotted lever is also explainedFig 4.2 Design of slotted leverFIG4.3 Different angle view of slotted leverCRANK SHAFTCrank shaft which is connected to flywheel with the help of a motor , which provides the rotation of the crank shaft as well as the rotation of the slotted lever connected to it. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the crank shaft is also explainedFig 4.4 DESIGN of crank shaftFig 4.5 Different angle view of crank shaftTOOL POST hammer post which is connected to slotted lever, where the tool is connected to it which is used for the cutting of materials. The drawing is done as per the dimensions shown above. Different view of the Tool post is also explainedFig 4.6 Design of too l postFig 4.7 Different angle view of tool postTOOL CUTTERTool cutter is connected to the tool which is used to cut the material. The design is done as per assumed dimensions. Different view of the Tool is also explained.Fig 4.8 Design of toolFig 4.9 Different angle view of tool5.2 FABRICATION OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVERWith the help of above design of different components it has been combined together to form a crank and slotted lever mechanism which is seen mainly in shaper machines.Fig4.10 Design of crank and slotted lever mechanismThe final fabrication model will be correspond as shown below.Fig4.11 Final Design of crank and slotted lever mechanism4.3 MODEL FABRICATIONTo conclude my Assigned project I hereby affix a couple of(prenominal) photos of crank and slotted quick return mechanism indicating the functioning the same.Fig 4.12 FABRICATED MODEL OF CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVERFig 4.13 SLOTTED LEVER CONNECTED TO THE LEVERCHAPTER 5STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CRANK SHAFTCrank and slotted lever mechanism, crank shaft which acts as the rotating device which helps the slotted lever forward and backward movement. whence analyzing the different propertied which take place in a crank shaft5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSISFig 5.1 Crank shaft used for analysisUnits add-in 1Unit administrationMetric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees radian/s CelsiusAngleDegreesRotational Velocityrad/sTemperatureCelsiusModel (C4)GeometryTABLE 2Model (C4) Geometry tendency figureGeometry responsibilityFully delimit commentSourceC handlingrsPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPartTypeCatia5 length UnitMillimeters ingredient Control course of study ControlledDisplay StylePart ColorBounding Box length X2.e-002 m length Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mProperties loudness6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgScale Factor revalue1.StatisticsBodies1Active Bodies1Nodes3258Elements556 fight MetricNonePreferences implication Solid BodiesYes merchandise Surface BodiesYesImport Line BodiesNoParameter touchYesPerso nal Parameter KeyDSCAD Attribute TransferNoNamed extract affectNoMaterial Properties TransferNoCAD AssociativelyYesImport engineer schemasNoReader Save Part FileNoImport Using InstancesYesDo Smart UpdateNo link up File Via Temp FileYesTemporary DirectoryCUsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTempAnalysis Type3-D coalesce Import ResolutionNoneEnclosure and Symmetry ProcessingYesTABLE 3Model (C4) Geometry PartsObject NamePart 1StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentMaterial assigning structural SteelNonlinear EffectsYesThermal continue EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgCentroid X1.e-002 mCentroid Y-1.9072e-004 mCentroid Z-1.9565e-004 mMoment of Inertia Ip12.4661e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip21.2451e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip31.2537e-002 kgmStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh M etricNoneCoordinate SystemsTABLE 4Model (C4) Coordinate Systems Coordinate SystemObject NameGlobal Coordinate SystemStateFully DefinedDefinitionTypeCartesianAnsys System Number0.OriginOrigin X0. mOrigin Y0. mOrigin Z0. mDirectional sendersX axis vertebra Data 1. 0. 0. Y Axis Data 0. 1. 0. Z Axis Data 0. 0. 1. MeshTABLE 5Model (C4) MeshObject NameMeshState work outDefaultsPhysics PreferenceMechanicalRelevance0SizingUse sophisticated Size FunctionOffRelevance perfumeCoarseElement SizeDefaultInitial Size SeedActive throngSmoothingMedium inflectionFastSpan Angle tickerCoarseMinimum Edge Length2.e-002 m pomposityUse Automatic Tet InflationNoneInflation OptionSmooth TransitionTransition Ratio0.272Maximum Layers5Growth Rate1.2Inflation AlgorithmPreView Advanced OptionsNoAdvancedShape CheckingStandard MechanicalElement Midside Nodes platform ControlledStraight Sided ElementsNoNumber of RetriesDefault (4)Rigid Body BehaviorDimensionally decreaseMesh MorphingDisabledPinchPinch Tolera nce beguile DefineGenerate on RefreshNoStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNone still geomorphological (C5)TABLE 6Model (C4) AnalysisObject NameStatic Structural (C5)StateSolvedDefinitionPhysics TypeStructuralAnalysis TypeStatic StructuralSolver TargetANSYS MechanicalOptionsEnvironment Temperature22. CGenerate Input only ifNoTABLE 7Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Analysis SettingsObject NameAnalysis SettingsStateFully Defined blackguard ControlsNumber Of Steps1.Current Step Number1.Step End Time1. sAuto Time SteppingProgram ControlledSolver ControlsSolver TypeProgram ControlledWeak SpringsProgram Controlled prominent DeflectionOffInertia ReliefOffNonlinear ControlsForce ConvergenceProgram ControlledMoment ConvergenceProgram ControlledDisplacement ConvergenceProgram ControlledRotation ConvergenceProgram ControlledLine SearchProgram ControlledOutput ControlsCalculate painsYesCalculate StrainYesCalculate Results AtAll Time PointsAnalysis Data ManagementSolver Files Directo ryFansyshallo_filesdp0SYS-1MECHFuture AnalysisNoneScratch Solver Files DirectorySave ANSYS dbNoDelete unnecessary FilesYesNonlinear SolutionNoSolver UnitsActive SystemSolver Unit SystemmksTABLE 8Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) RotationsObject NameRotational VelocityStateFully DefinedScopeGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionDefine ByVectorMagnitude200. rad/s (ramped)AxisDefinedSuppressedNoFig 5.2 Graph showing rotational velocityTABLE 9Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) fill upObject Namefrictionless SupportStateFully DefinedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometry1 FaceDefinitionTypeFrictionless SupportSuppressedNoSolution (C6)TABLE 10Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) SolutionObject NameSolution (C6)StateSolvedAdaptive Mesh RefinementMax Refinement Loops1.Refinement Depth2.TABLE 11Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) Solution teachingObject NameSolution dataStateSolvedSolution InformationSolution OutputSolver OutputNewton-Raphson Residuals0Update legal separa tion2.5 sDisplay PointsAllTABLE 12Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) ResultsObject NameTotal DeformationMinimum capitulum viscoelastic Strain sample IntensityMiddle Principal StressEquivalent StressStateSolvedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionTypeTotal DeformationMinimum Principal Elastic StrainStress IntensityMiddle Principal StressEquivalent (von-Mises) StressByTimeDisplay TimeLastCalculate Time HistoryYesIdentifierUse AverageYesResultsMinimum8.5255e-009 m-8.1173e-006 m/m5.3895e+005 Pa-4.8689e+005 Pa5.3642e+005 PaMaximum7.9016e-007 m-8.1177e-007 m/m3.0171e+006 Pa1.2909e+006 Pa2.7325e+006 PaInformationTime1. sLoad Step1Substep1Iteration Number1TABLE 13Model (C4) Static Structural (C5) Solution (C6) ResultsObject NameShear StressVector Principal Elastic StrainStrain EnergyStateSolvedScopeScoping MethodGeometry SelectionGeometryAll BodiesDefinitionTypeShear StressVector Principal Elastic StrainStrain EnergyOrientationXY PlaneByTimeD isplay TimeLastCoordinate SystemGlobal Coordinate SystemCalculate Time HistoryYesUse AverageYesIdentifierResultsMinimum-3.4345e+005 Pa5.6327e-007 JMaximum3.4345e+005 Pa1.1931e-005 JInformationTime1. sLoad Step1Substep1Iteration Number1Material DataStructural SteelTABLE 14Structural Steel ConstantsDensity7850 kg m-3Coefficient of Thermal Expansion1.2e-005 C-1Specific Heat434 J kg-1 C-1Thermal conductivity60.5 W m-1 C-1Resistivity1.7e-007 ohm mTABLE 15Structural Steel Compressive Ultimate cogencyCompressive Ultimate Strength Pa0TABLE 16Structural Steel Compressive regaining StrengthCompressive Yield Strength Pa2.5e+008TABLE 17Structural Steel Tensile Yield StrengthTensile Yield Strength Pa2.5e+008TABLE 18Structural Steel Tensile Ultimate StrengthTensile Ultimate Strength Pa4.6e+008TABLE 19Structural Steel Alternating StressAlternating Stress PaCyclesMean Stress Pa3.999e+0091002.827e+0092001.896e+0095001.413e+00910001.069e+00920004.41e+008200002.62e+0081000002.14e+0082000001.38 e+0081.e+00501.14e+0082.e+00508.62e+0071.e+0060TABLE 20Structural Steel Strain-Life ParametersStrength Coefficient PaStrength ExponentDuctility CoefficientDuctility ExponentCyclic Strength Coefficient PaCyclic Strain Hardening Exponent9.2e+008-0.1060.213-0.471.e+0090.2TABLE 21Structural Steel Relative PermeabilityRelative Permeability10000TABLE 22Structural Steel Isotropic ElasticityTemperature CYoungs Modulus PaPoissons Ratio2.e+0110.3Fig 5.3 Middle Principal StressFig 5.3 Principal StressFig 5.4 Strain EnergyFig 5.5 Minimm Principal Elastic StrainFig 5.6 Stress IntensityFig 5.7 TOTAL DeformationFig 5.8 VECTOR Principal Elastic Strain5.2 THERMAL ANALYSISThermal Analysis is the heat developed in crank shaft.UnitsTABLE 1Unit SystemMetric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s CelsiusAngleDegreesRotational Velocityrad/sTemperatureCelsiusModel (D4)GeometryTABLE 2Model (D4) GeometryObject NameGeometryStateFully DefinedDefinitionSourceCUsersPATRICKDesktopPAPArollcageSUDEEPPart1.CATPartTy peCatia5Length UnitMillimetersElement ControlProgram ControlledDisplay StylePart ColorBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgScale Factor Value1.StatisticsBodies1Active Bodies1Nodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNonePreferencesImport Solid BodiesYesImport Surface BodiesYesImport Line BodiesNoParameter ProcessingYesPersonal Parameter KeyDSCAD Attribute TransferNoNamed Selection ProcessingNoMaterial Properties TransferNoCAD AssociativityYesImport Coordinate SystemsNoReader Save Part FileNoImport Using InstancesYesDo Smart UpdateNoAttach File Via Temp FileYesTemporary DirectoryCUsersPATRICKAppDataLocalTempAnalysis Type3-DMixed Import ResolutionNoneEnclosure and Symmetry ProcessingYesTABLE 3Model (D4) Geometry PartsObject NamePart 1StateMeshedGraphics PropertiesVisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffness BehaviorFlexibleCoordinate SystemDefault Coordinate SystemReference TemperatureBy EnvironmentMaterialAssignmentS tructural SteelNonlinear EffectsYesThermal Strain EffectsYesBounding BoxLength X2.e-002 mLength Y0.20055 mLength Z0.19999 mPropertiesVolume6.2904e-004 mMass4.938 kgCentroid X1.e-002 mCentroid Y-1.9072e-004 mCentroid Z-1.9565e-004 mMoment of Inertia Ip12.4661e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip21.2451e-002 kgmMoment of Inertia Ip31.2537e-002 kgmStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNoneCoordinate SystemsTABLE 4Model (D4) Coordinate Systems Coordinate SystemObject NameGlobal Coordinate SystemStateFully DefinedDefinitionTypeCartesianAnsys System Number0.OriginOrigin X0. mOrigin Y0. mOrigin Z0. mDirectional VectorsX Axis Data 1. 0. 0. Y Axis Data 0. 1. 0. Z Axis Data 0. 0. 1. MeshTABLE 5Model (D4) MeshObject NameMeshStateSolvedDefaultsPhysics PreferenceMechanicalRelevance0SizingUse Advanced Size FunctionOffRelevance CenterCoarseElement SizeDefaultInitial Size SeedActive AssemblySmoothingMediumTransitionFastSpan Angle CenterCoarseMinimum Edge Length2.e-002 mInflationUse Automatic Tet Infl ationNoneInflation OptionSmooth TransitionTransition Ratio0.272Maximum Layers5Growth Rate1.2Inflation AlgorithmPreView Advanced OptionsNoAdvancedShape CheckingStandard MechanicalElement Midside NodesProgram ControlledStraight Sided ElementsNoNumber of RetriesDefault (4)Rigid Body BehaviorDimensionally ReducedMesh MorphingDisabledPinchPinch TolerancePlease DefineGenerate on RefreshNoStatisticsNodes3258Elements556Mesh MetricNoneSteady-State Thermal (D5)TABLE 6Model (D4) AnalysisObject NameSteady-State Thermal (D5)StateSolvedDefinitionPhysics TypeThermalAnalysis TypeSteady-StateSolver TargetANSYS MechanicalOptionsGenerate Input OnlyNoTABLE 7Model (D4) Steady-State Thermal (D5) Initial C