Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Cover Letter for Front Desk Position

Dear XXX, I would like to express my interest in the summer front desk internship offered by (Company Name) This internship would allow me to gain knowledge and experience in the hospitality industry and apply what I have learned throughout my collegiate education. Hopefully the internship would lead to a career opportunity as well.I will be graduating May 2006 from the University of Florida with a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Management with a Minor in Entrepreneurship. This position is a one that I believe I would excel at. Not only am I self motivated and eager to succeed, but I also work well in groups and have effective communication skills. This was noted in my Organizational Structures and Behavior Management course when I was awarded for outstanding group presentation.This enthusiasm for success and team player attitude will allow me to constantly strive to work with others to better serve customers and complete daily tasks during the front desk internship. Past exp erience in the retail industry as a sales associate at Academy Sports and Outdoors has also equipped me with quality customer service skills that can also be applied to the front desk internship. I am an excellent listener and problem solver, which enables me to adapt to changing and challenging situations.My organizational skills also allow me to multitask and manage my time effectively when performing daily tasks and meeting deadlines. I hope that you will consider me for the summer front desk internship. My skills and capabilities acquired in previous work experiences and education would benefit both you and me if I gained this internship. Enclosed is a copy of my resume for you review. I would appreciate the opportunity and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, (Your Name) Enclosure

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Changes in Nursing Essay

Nursing Passed Down Through the Generations Everyone has probably noticed all of the changes in technology in the last fifty years. Now there are cell phones, tablets, home computers, and so much more. All of these devices are often used every day by all kinds of people in all different professions. People use cell phones to call their bosses and other people around the world for business. Some people use computers all day every day for bookkeeping, journaling and various other jobs. Many people in the medical field use computers, cellphones, and so many other kinds of technology every day, especially nurses. Technology is not the only advancement or change in nursing, there has also been changes in medications, uniforms, racial and gender roles, schooling, and other areas. Nurses can take better care of their patients due to the advancements of medicine and technology in the last fifty years. New machines and computers are always invented that help nurses do their job better. According to Charlene Boyle, a retired nurse, in h er interview stated while she worked they had to write all of the patients’ information down and papers and information got lost or accidentally thrown away. In her last few years working the hospitals and doctor’s offices started to get computers in all the hospitals and she said it was a huge change. She said that the computers helped keep the information more organized and easier to find (Boyle Interview). In the article by Julie Blanche called Nursing 50 Years Back and Today: How the Nursing Field Has Changed over the Last 50 Years, she says, â€Å"Nurses also benefited from wireless technology, as they were able to bring their laptop computers into the patient rooms so they could perform other functions, such as admissions work, while keeping an eye on the patients† (Blanche 2). Technology did not only help nurses keep track of patient information, machines and other devices were created to help nurses better treat patients with health issues. Technology he lps nurses perform jobs faster and with fewer errors. Fifty years ago doctors and nurses started using the ultrasound machines on pregnant women. Now it is typical for all women to get an ultrasound. According to The History of Insulin Pumps by Elliot Bethke, insulin pumps were invented in 1963 and they were so big it was basically a backpack diabetics had to wear around. Now they are small and most people wouldn’t even notice it if someone was wearing one  (Bethke 1). According to Julie Blanche in Nursing 50 Years Back and Today: How the Nursing Field Has Changed over the Last 50 Years, hospitals made an effort to make it easier for nurses to do their jobs well. The hospitals paid for new bedside technology, including an automated medication-administration system and wireless computers. The medication-administration check requires bar codes for medication, nurses and patients, ensuring that nurses will make fewer errors. With a simple scan, nurses learn if the medication matches the patient and the physician’s order (Bl anche 1). The advancements in technology helps nurses to keep track of patients’ information as well as allowing them to treat the patients in more effective ways. In order to learn about all of the changing technology, the schooling that nurses were required to take was also changed. There has also been many changes in schooling for a nurse. Charlene Boyle, a retired nurse, stated that by her senior year she was running the floor along with the other seniors in her class. She also said â€Å"I had to go to school for three years with one month off a year. Currently to be a Registered Nurse or RN, you have to go to school for four years with your summers off† (Boyle Interview). In A History of American Nursing: Trends and Eras by Deborah Judd, Kathleen Sitzman, and Megan Davis state until the 1960s, most nurses were diploma nurses, nurses who only had their high school diploma, and their education was provided by a hospital or hospital school, not a college or universi ty. Judd, Sitzman, and Davis also state â€Å"Nursing has debated two questions related to education for almost 50 years. First, what should the entry level of education be for practice as a registered nurse – associate or baccalaureate? Secondly, should all nurses be required to participate in continuing education as a part of active or inactive practice?† (Judd, Davis, and Sitzman 187). The book by Davis, Judd, and Sitzman included a survey asking nurses what level of education they have received. According to the survey, 34% of the nurses interviewed have received their associate’s degree, 31% have their baccalaureates degree, 10% have earned their master’s degree or PhD, 16 % have their associate’s degree and are working towards their baccalaureates degree, and 3% are diploma nurses (Judd, Davis, and Sitzman 190). Just as schooling and technology has been improved so have the uniforms that nurses are required to wear. When someone says the word nurse most people invision a woman in a white suit with a red cross on her hat,  but that is not what modern day nurses w ear. Uniform is another major change in the last 50 years. According to Julie Blanche in Nursing 50 Years Back and Today: How the Nursing Field Has Changed over the Last 50 Years, the nurse’s uniforms 50 years ago were the typical white, starch outfits. â€Å"In the 1960s, nurses still wore dresses and stocking as their uniforms†¦ The uniforms also take a turn in the direction of more fashionable than in the past. Some of the more modern touches include belts and feminine cuffs. Don’t forget the hat that was an essential part of the nurse’s uniform† (Blanche 1). Blanche also explained the modern-day uniforms, â€Å"During the 1990s and today, nursing dresses have been replaced with much more user friendly scrub suits. Scrub suits can be found in a wide variety of colors and styles. Some hospitals have specific scrub suit colors for different types of hospital staff and others allow nurses and other staff to choose colors and styles that appeal to th em.† (Blanche 1). Since the uniform has changed that also means that the places where nurses work must have also evolved. The hospitals, doctor’s offices and wherever else a nurse might work were all changing. The hospitals and offices were getting new technology and better prepared nurses. Along with better prepared nurses comes a higher pay and more complex jobs for the nurses to complete. Charlene Boyle, a retired nurse, stated in her interview that when she was a nurse, the job was definitely a lot simpler than it is now. Now it is more complex. She also talked about her average pay as a nurse. She started out getting $400 to $500 a month but by the time she retired she was getting $40 an hour (Boyle Interview). According to TheRichest website by TheRichest an average wage for a nurse today is about $28 an hour (TheRichest 1). The hours that nurses work have stayed the same. Charlene Boyle continued â€Å"I worked eight hour shifts. Sometimes took a day shift from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. or night shift from 7 p.m. to 3 a.m. This is what made me start drinking coffee† (Boyle Interview). Changes in technology, schooling, uniforms, hours, and pay are not the only changes in nursing in the last fifty years, there have also been changes in gender and race. The role of a nurse fifty years ago was always a woman’s job. Normally men were the doctors. Charlene Boyle, in her interview recalled â€Å"I had thirty-three people in my class. All of them were women and only one of them was Black all the rest of us were Caucasian† (Boyle). Fifty years ago the Civil Rights Movement was in its  final years and some people were still against African-Americans, which is why it was very uncommon for an African-American to be a nurse. In modern times, men and African Americans are both nurses. Although it is still fairly uncommon to see a male nurse. The change in gender and race are big social changes. There have also been changes in where the role of nurses takes place. According to Judd, Sitzman, and Davis in A History of American Nursing: Trends and Eras nearly a century ago people cared for their family at home. From the beginning of the 20th century until now, hospitals have become part of everyday life. Hospitals have become places where moth ers bear their children, medical specialties achieve perfection, and new inventions were proved. It is also a place where nurses care for those who need to be cured as well as those who need relief from pain or suffering (Judd, Davis, and Sitzman 192). Before there were hospitals, mothers took the role of nurses. They took care of their children as well as they could with homemade remedies and other medical tips they had learned from their mothers. Now there are hospitals and doctor offices where people go in regularly for check-ups, illness, and injuries. We even have an emergency room where people in urgent need of medical attention go for help. Recently they have also come out with Quick Care offices, most are in Hy-Vee’s and patients can run in and it only takes about ten to twenty minutes for the doctors to diagnose the patient’s sickness. Then they prescribe medicine for the patients that they can fill right at the store’s pharmacy. It makes going to the doctor a lot faster and cheaper. The prices for a doctor’s visit have also changed. According to Charlene Boyle, a retired nurse, in her interview she said that in the 1960’s is cost about $5 to go to the doctor and today it can cost anywher e from $100 to $200 for one visit. It seems ridiculous (Boyle). Hospitals have made it easier for people to get treated for diseases and made it easier on parents to keep their children healthy. Although the prices for doctor’s visits went up, now there is insurance. Insurance helps people pay for visits to the hospital and to doctor’s offices. With all the changes in technology and medicine over the last fifty years, nurses have definitely been able to take better care of patients. The nurses are more prepared and they have more advanced technology to help their patients. Nursing is not the only branch in the medical field that has made advancements. Many more medical careers have  made advancements. The medical field as a whole has improved and has become part of everyday life. Works Cited Bethke, Elliot. â€Å"The History of Insulin Pumps.† – BIOE 414 Instrumentation Projects. The Board of Trustees at the University of Illinois, College of Engineering, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Blanche, Julie. â€Å"Nursing 50 Years Back and Today: How the Nursing Field Has Changed Over the Last 50 Years.† HeatheCareers Network. HealtheCareers, 2 Nov. 2010. Web. 15 Sept. 2013 Boyle, Charlene. Life as a Nurse. Telephone interview. 28 Sept. 2013. Judd, Deborah M., Kathleen Sitzman, and Megan Davis. A History of American Nursing: Trends and Eras. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2010. Print. TheRichest. â€Å"Registered Nurse Salary – How Much Does Registered Nurses Make?† Celebrity Net worth Richest People in the World Registered Nurse Salary How Much Does Registered Nurses Make Comments. Google+, 3 June 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Corporate performance, abnormal profits and sectoral differences Essay

Corporate performance, abnormal profits and sectoral differences - Essay Example Whereas some people consider the quantity of firms assets as an indicator of its performance, economists use different approaches such the efficiency in which firm or industry utilize its resources to generate income. Firms operating in the same industry exhibit dissimilar performance while even firms operating under different industries have depicted similar performance trends (Rumelt, 1991, p.179). Therefore, it is not clear as to what exactly determines performance of the firms since some people thinks that directors of the company and the environmental conditions play a significant role in firm performance. One of the key determinants of firm’s performance is the level of resource endowment. Firms are endowed with different resources and this could result to improved performance of the company regardless of the industry in which it operates (Rosenzweig, 2007, p.11). Firms with large resource base enjoy economies of scale to due to large scale production. Therefore, those f irms are able to offer their products at a reduced price compared to their competitors who may be experiencing diseconomies of production. Furthermore such firms are able to use most efficient techniques in their operations as a result of intensive research and innovations. Another determinant of the performance of company is its market position. Firms which have differentiated products are able to enjoy significant market returns by influencing prices of the products as the market leaders. Customer loyalty to specific brand may result to some companies performing better than others in the same industry (Lecture 4, 2012). The market leaders usually set prices for the commodities while others just follow the decisions of the market leaders. Therefore, if firms are operating in an industry with differentiated products, then their performance will vary significantly depending on their position in the market in terms of market share. Some people use total assets as a measure of performa nce of the company hence, companies with vast resources are considered most successful. However, in Rumelt (1991, p.181) comparing economic profits of different firms operating in the same industry has shown that different firms with large resource base are not necessarily the best performing. Even firms with fewer resources have exhibited higher profit ratios to resources used. Economic profits in relation to resource used to generate the profit can better provide a comparison of performances of different firms across the industries (McGahan, and Porter, 1997, p.27). Regardless of the industry in the firm is operating, the level of their performances can be determined in relation to how much benefits can be obtained from the capital employed. The firm managers make probabilistic decisions. For example, the production activities are all based on the prediction of the market. However, in reality things changes and what was anticipated may never come to pass. Therefore, the performanc e of firm will depend on extent in which the predicted events match with real occurrences (Lecture 4, 2012). Sometimes, the managers have no control over the events that occur hence they influence much the performance of the firm. According to Hawawini, Subramanian and Verdin (2001, p.30), the Industry in which a firm belongs affects the overall performance of a company. Some industries are much specialized such as pharmaceuticals and engineering firms. Other

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Bhagavad Gita or The Divine Song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bhagavad Gita or The Divine Song - Essay Example A majority of the sacred texts or scriptures have been composed in the Sanskrit language and are commonly classified into two classes, Sruti and Smriti. Sruti means that which has been heard. Vedas which are the earliest record of the Hindu scriptures belong to this class. Hindu texts other than the Shrutis are collectively called the Smritis which means "memory". The most notable among the Smritis are the epics such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. The Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Mahabharata can be considered as belonging to the Smriti class. On the other hand, many consider Gita as a Sruti because its contents are quite ancient and have been taken from the Upanishads. In fact, the Bhagavad Gita is also known as the Gitopanishad. Incidentally, in Ch. 4 of the Gita there is a mention about the knowledge in the Gita being very ancient and traditionally being transmitted orally, implying that Gita is a Sruti. The Bhagavad Gita is one of the most sacred scriptures and for Hindus, it is an authoritative work on the fundamental philosophy of Hinduism. Scriptures can be defined as texts that are considered sacred by religions and are of central importance to religions. Many religions believe that scriptures are texts that have been inspired by the divine. Bhagavad Gita is a scripture if you consider these parameters. It is sacred to the Hindus; it is an inspirational dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna. It is central to Hindu philosophy. The Gita has two main topics: yoga-sastra and brahma-vidya.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Examination of competitive intelligence as it relates to a specific Essay

Examination of competitive intelligence as it relates to a specific e-businessPC World) - Essay Example This paper seeks to use the porters five forces theory to explain the competitor analysis. PC World is known as the largest retail computer superstores located in United Kingdom. PC World was established in 1991. Later In 1993, the company merged with Currys PC World. The company is headquartered at Hemel Hempstead in United Kingdom. In 2005, the number of the employees was approximated to be 5,528. The company has a slogan that brings individuals together in the term of technology â€Å"we start with you†. PC World began to expand and made acquisitions of DN computer services, Byte computers stores limited and micro ware house in 1996, 1998 and 2004 respectively. PC World in 2006 started to link itself with homes and started home entertainments and installation services. The business reported a loss of $29.8 million in 2008 but in 2007 it had a profit worth $52.4 million. Currently, the company operates in United Kingdom and Ireland. This is after some stores were closed, for example, in 2009 Sweden stores were closed and in 2011 Spanish stores were also closed. L ater in Italy they were closed making the company to operate in United Kingdom and Ireland only. One of the major competitors of PC World is Dixons Retail that is located in United Kingdom. The company has different stores that are approximated to be 530 in UK and Ireland. Additionally other outlets are operational in northern Europe with the number standing at 322 stores. Dixons Retail have specialized in market technology, for example, electronic products, audio –video machines personal computers, photographic machines, installation and repair, mobile services among others. Dixons Retail was founded in 1937 and is the major competitor of PC World since they sell the same brands though Dixons have specialized in market. Comparing with PC world, Dixons Retail operate in UK and Ireland where 530 stores are operational with a market share of 40%. For

Friday, July 26, 2019

Motivation Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation Assignment - Case Study Example These aspects can determine the level of motivation among employees (The Certified Accountant, â€Å"Expectancy Theory†). There are several disciplines in the field of motivation and one of them is the expectancy theory. This theory is devised by Victor Vroom. He assumed that motivating an employee requires making a connection between effort, performance and inspiration. The productivity of employees depends on aspects like employee behavior, ability, knowledge, experience and proficiency. Vroom’s expectancy theory is made on the basis of three attributes which are Valence, Expectancy and Instrumentality (The Certified Accountant, â€Å"Expectancy Theory†). Valence: It is the emotional direction which employee embraces with respect. The desire of employee can be extrinsic benefits like higher income, job promotion, free leisure time or intrinsic benefits like job satisfaction. Organizations need to determine the acts that can make an employee more grateful. Expectancy: Expectancy deals with the faith of employee about his/her ability. Each employee possesses dissimilar expectations and degree of confidence about their capability. Expectation is illustrated as the strength of an employee’s faith if a particular task is achievable or not. Organization must find out the materials, training and administration requirement of employee for a particular task. Instrumentality: Instrumentality is the idea of gaining something after completing a task. An employee always thinks that if he/she performs well, a worthy result will be gained. Thus, it is the perception of employee that whether he/she will gain the expected result even it is assured by the organization. It is the responsibility of organization to make sure that promised compensations are realized. The following figure shows the relationship between Valence, Expectancy and Instrumentality. The instrumentality is impacted by the belief among

Business Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Management - Research Paper Example This was effectively achieved with his â€Å"#1 or #2† method, downsizing, and with a restructuring effort that left more employees reporting directly to Welch. All of this was done early in Welch’s tenure, and functioned to establish a strong base company that Welch could transform into his future vision of GE. 2. What was Welch’s objective in the series of initiatives he launched in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s? What was he trying to achieve in the round of changes he put in motion in  that period? Welch’s objective in the series of initiatives he launched in the late 1980s and early 1990s was to redefine the culture of GE as one focused on innovation and constant change. Welch embraced the Maoian idea of constant revolution and wanted to create a corporate environment in GE where every employee was trying to find new was of adding value to the company. Welch describes his vision of a new GE culture by explaining, â€Å"the new psych ological contract, fi there is such a thing, is that jobs at GE are the best in the world for people willing to compete,† (Bartlett, 6). After developing his base company early on, Welch used the described series of initiatives in the late 1980s and early 1990s to change the mindset of GE’s massive employee base. 3.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Security of Social Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Security of Social Networks - Essay Example The explosion in social networking marks a new stage in the global evolution of technologies and media. Social networking is merely about technologies but about human interactions. For thousands of young people, creating and updating social network content is an important part of their daily routines and a driver of their identity formation (Livingstone 2008). It is through social networks that people create and reconstruct their identities and invite convergence among their daily activities and social networking technologies. The most popular social networks, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace attract millions of new users every day. Social networking is often believed to be a technological embodiment of the twenty-first century’s lifelogging. In this sense, social networking can be legally defined as â€Å"the practice of using a web site or other interactive computer service to expand one’s business or social network†. These web-based applications and solutions ar e used by individuals and groups to construct a public or semi-public profile, create and articulate connections with other users of the same network, and view and manage their own and their friends’ connections within the given social network. The uniqueness of social networks is not only in that they allow for creating productive social connection but also that they make other social networks and connections visible to users. Social networks enhance public connectivity and impose new social expectations on users. Needless to say, not all social network users are fair and honest. Social networking has far-reaching legal implications. Apart from unprecedented self-expression and community engagement opportunities, social networking enables and facilitates the main dangers of the Internet age. More specifically, social networks attract those who use them to download malware, spam, steal private information and use it in criminal schemes (Nelson, Simek & Foltin 2009). Therefore , social networking is equally a remarkable achievement and a serious threat to the future of Internet technologies. Nonetheless, most, if not all, these threats can be easily tackled by means of wise social network policies, sophisticated security protection, regularly updated software and hardware, and perfect understanding of the risks posed by social networks in the global online reality. Legal controversies. Social networking is surrounded by much legal controversy. At once, the concept of social networking lacks a single legal definition (Terry 2010). Most of what is currently known about social networks and their legal features is due to the hard work of

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Patient Presenting with Diarrhea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Patient Presenting with Diarrhea - Essay Example Appearance of blood in the diarrheal stool is the main risk factor in a patient of inflammatory bowel disease as the mucosal membrane is ulcerated. According to the patent there are nocturnal bowel movements which are almost never seen in irritable bowel syndrome. Recent smoking cessation could also be an additional risk factor as cigarette is supposed to protect the mucosal membrane against ulcers. The patient has been using NSAIDs (ibuprofen) recently and the prolong use of these drugs usually causes ulcers. The patient also has a family history of ulcers which makes her genetically predisposed to the disease. On physical examination, the patient appeared slim; signs of weight loss were prominent. The oral mucosa was dry. The heart rate was increased. There was also mild tenderness in the abdomen. All the signs of inflammatory disease, including fever, were present. Patients presenting with chronic diarrhea are usually suggested for flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Endoscopy is performed when these non-invasive procedures fail to give a positive result and the patient still presents with the signs of inflammation. Endoscopy has some advantage over these procedures in a way that it does not only give a complete internal view of the organ but also allows the physician to collect samples for biopsy. Colitis is graded from mild to moderate and severe on the extent of the damage to the mucosal membrane. If on endoscopic examination the loss of mucosal integrity is not so severe the colitis is termed as mild or moderate. In contrast, patients presenting with sudden onset of signs and symptoms with a greater loss of the mucosa, the disease is termed as severe colitis. Flexible sigmoidoscopy although an efficient procedure, still requires colonoscopy to be done to rule out any false positive results. Physical examination showed dehydration which is confirmed by the electrolyte imbalance shown in the reports.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Branding - Essay Example The primary thing is that branding is not a straight jacketed, isolated and sterile activity that is totally severed from the nature of the product being branded, but is rather an aspect of the overall process of product designing, manufacturing and marketing (LePla & Parker 2). The primary purpose of branding is to educate the consumers regarding how a high quality and innovative product stands apart and is way ahead of the substitutes being offered by other competitors. The popular belief is that it takes loads of money to create a successful brand. Yet, the fact is that brands are built in the minds of the actual consumers. Hence, there is no consumer who does not want a product to be bereft of the time tested attributes like quality, utility, usability, durability, credibility, reliability and reputation. Therefore, if a company has a viable product that meets all these attributes and possibly a little extra, the concerned marketing experts can easily push that product into the c onsumer consciousness, within an affordable budget and some productive effort. Thereby, the primary purpose of branding is to bring to fore the key attributes that differentiate a successful product from its competitors, to be consistent about the claims it tends to make regarding a particular product and to make sure that the products stands by these claims when actually bought and used by the consumers, to identify and target the particular audience who have a need for that particular product and to educate and convince them regarding the product (LePla & Parker 5). Products like people have a character and a personality. However, in the recent times, marketing experts have been so entangled in the personality ethic that they have simply lost sight of the relevance of the overall character of a product. A branding approach based on personality ethic is more about believing that success of product is solely dependent on its public image and the mass perceptions associated with it ( Covey 19). In contrast a branding approach based on character ethics holds that if a product like a person is supported by a quintessential solidity of quality, character and integrity, it will definitely be able to hold on to and justify the image and perceptions being created about it, thereby leading to a successful brand (Covey 22). This is my essential belief about professional branding. Certainly, creating and managing consumer perceptions is important, but such perceptions are bound to fizzle out in the short term, if not backed by a product that is about quality, technology, utility, durability and reliability. Many apt examples do support this essential belief about branding. For instance, the success of many famous brands created by Apple like iPod and iPhone owe it to the fact that Apple places the consumer needs and requirements at the center of its closely integrated effort at product designing, manufacturing and marketing (Greg 1). The crux of Apple’s branding a pproach is to identify the consumer needs, to design and manufacture a quality product that fulfills those needs much better as compared to other competitors, and to eventually educate the consumers and highlight the key attributes of that product in a consistent and planned manner, thereby leading to a successful brand that is able to withstand the challenges posed by time and altering technologies. Take another

Monday, July 22, 2019

Pak mulls removing import duy on Indian Tea Essay Example for Free

Pak mulls removing import duy on Indian Tea Essay Free trade takes place when there are no barriers and no intrusions to trade put by the authority(government and trade organisations). Free trade allows goods and services to flow freely freely from one country to another. The opposite to free trade is Protectionism. There are many protectionism that the government of a particular country can impose on trade. Main types of protectionism: * Tariffs * Subsidies * Quotas * Embargoes The governement of Pakistan has imposed a trade barrier on the import of Tea from India. India tea is under a 10 percent import duty. Some possible reasons for the imposition of Import duty on Tea are given below. * To prevent over specialisation * To raise government revenue * To remove balance of payment deficits Given below is a graph that shows the effect of imposing import duty on the import of Tea. Due to the imposition of import duty the prices for Tea rises from P-world to P- import duty because of which the Supply curve shifts from S-world to S- world+ import duty . Therefore there is an overall consumer loss. Areas a,b,c and d shows the consumer loss. Area a shows the producers gain. Area b shows green loss. It is said to be a Green Loss because there is inefficiency that is creeping in this area as inefficient domestic producers are now producing this area at a higher price. Area c shows the government revenue due the import duty. Area d shows the net loss. d is not being produced or demanded due to the rise in prices, this shows the net loss towards the consumer. Tea is an important drink in every Pakistani house and Pakistan is the second largest importer of Tea. Therefore the demand curve for Tea in Pakistan is very inelastic. The smuggled tea is sold at a low cost but due to the Inelastic demand for Tea, The change in the price of tea should have a realively low change in the demand. However, the article states that Pakistan imports 140 million kg and 20 million kg is smuggled. This shows that 12.5 % of tea is smuggled, which is a very high rate. This indirectly shows that Tea inspite of being very inelastic in demand, a change in price will have a big effect on the demand. Area d in the above graph is consumer loss in Trade between India and Pakistan. However, this area is being demanded and supplied throught smuggling and illegal trade. Therefore, Area d can also be observed as the government loss of revenue. India and Kenya are the two main countrys supplying Pakistan with tea. Due to the drought in Kenya the prices have increased tremendously. This puts Pakistan in a very infavourable situation. S-world takes into account the imported supply of Tea from India and Kenya. Due to the import duty the price shifts from P world to P- import duty and the supply shifts from S- world to S- world+ import duty. Again due to the drougth the price shifts from P- import duty to P1 and the supply shifts from S- world+ import duty to S- world 2. Due to the very high prices people will stop consuming Tea and move to other alternatives like coffee. Also smuggling of Tea will increase tremendously. The net effect will have a tremedous loss of revenue for the government.

Emerging Technologies: Business And Society

Emerging Technologies: Business And Society Over the last decade, emerging technologies have no doubt influenced almost every sector of society and business. Whether by their promise of better society and business or by the curse of disquiet etched in their wings; Robotics and Nanotechnology, among a few other emerging technologies, have certainly played a part in shaping todays business and society for tomorrow. The emergence of Nanotechnology and Robotics was, to some extent, instigated and inspired by certain fundamental needs and pursuits of society and business. The business desire for cost-efficiency and societys pursuit of sustainability in the form of better health care, a cleaner environment, security, etc are just a glimpse of what may have triggered the emergence of these among other technologies. However, the technologies success, or lack of it, is to a large extent dependent on, the overall short and long term, how well they respond to the primary needs and pursuits of businesses and society. This report focuses on Nanotechnology and Robotics discussing some of their varied range of practical, theoretical and experimental applications. The report, in essence, draws from the diverse applications of these two technologies, their implications and impacts on businesses and society hitherto and perhaps in the near future. The analysis, also acknowledges and draws from lessons learnt in preceding and contemporary technologies such as genetic engineering and nuclear energy. The analysis shows that the success of the technologies depends on their close evolutionary interaction with their resident businesses and society which are also changing in response albeit at a different pace. Introduction The influence of emerging technologies on almost every sector of business and society cannot be overstated over the last decade. Whether by their promise of better society and business or by the curse of disquiet etched in their wings; Robotics and Nanotechnology, among other emerging technologies in the frontline, have certainly played a part in shaping todays business and society for tomorrow. The emergence of Nanotechnology and Robotics may, to some extent, have been instigated and inspired by certain fundamental needs and pursuits of society and business. The desire for greater efficiency cost or otherwise in business, better health care, a cleaner environment, security and etc for sustainable society are just a glimpse of pursuits that may have triggered the emergence of these two among other technologies. However, just as their preceding or contemporary counterparts such as genetic engineering, their success, or lack of it, is to a large extent dependent on the overall short and long term impact they portend for business and society. Robotics and Nanotechnology are two among the foremost of countless emerging technologies ushered into the new century whose impact on society and business is yet to be fully realised or determined. Determining the impacts of these two is no simple task. The range of applications for these two technologies, whether already practical or still theoretical, is quite enormous and diverse making it even more difficult for one to establish the full extent of their impact. There is however no doubt that these two have had their share of both positive and negative impacts on business and society and will continue to during their evolution. Whatever the impacts, their measure may be drawn from how businesses and society have responded so far. Many studies done on these technologies indicate enormous initial investments by businesses and more recently, measured but nonetheless important investments by society. Nano-scale technology or Nanotechnology has been defined generally as the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter on the nanometer (1 to 100+ nm) length scale and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale. [1] Nanotechnology, just as many other technologies before, has especially pledged enormous benefits for businesses and society. Many studies indicate enormous initial investments by businesses and more recently, measured but nonetheless important investments by society anticipating mostly the benefits it promises. Nonetheless the studies also show that it bears its own brand of curses or threats alike especially for society. Some of the threats may well be known, anticipated and resolved in good time. Others may only be revealed later on in its evolution. Either way, it is imperative that its benefits and identifiable threats be reasonably considered and embedded in their evolution if these two, among others related, are going to succeed. On the other hand, a robot is generally defined as a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks (Robot Institute of America, 1979)[15]. Robotics is thus concerned mainly with the study, design, building and operation of robot systems for certain specialised tasks [14]. Business and societys desire for greater efficiency cost and better health care, a cleaner environment, security etc respectively also continue to inspire heavy investments in more cost-efficient technologies. Achieving these either by automation, miniaturisation or by the use of better building blocks or materials for technology and products are among the main approaches that converge research and development of Robotics and Nano-scale technology or Nanotechnology among other related technologies. Apart from the brief introduction above, this report is organized into two main sections. The first section covers a brief description on the fundamentals of Nanotechnology. This section is followed by discussions on some of the principle practical, theoretical and experimental applications tracing and focusing on their impact on business and society. The second section deals with robotics and likewise describing the fundamentals of robot systems. This section too is followed by an examination of the major applications of robotics with a focus on their impact on society and business. Nanotechnology As mentioned in the introduction, Nanotechnology generally involves engineering at the nano-scale level (1 to100nm) leveraging novel properties and phenomena of matter at this scale. The concept of engineering at this scale may well be attributed to Feyman (1959) [2]. Modern understanding of Nanotechnology as defined above was built on the initial concept by other eminent scholars like Drexler (1992) [3]. Merkle (1997) [4] also went on to propose additional concepts like building materials by specifically positioning each atom and cost effective mass-assembly of the atoms At the close of the last century in 2000, presented with the anticipated advances and subsequent benefits of Nanotechnology by proponents such as Drexler (1992)[3], Merkle (1997)[4] among others, galvanized leaders in technological research and development, cutting edge innovation and business to converge and discuss extensively the implications of engineering at this scale. At a workshop organized by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), leading experts gathered and to present their views on Nanotechnology and its implications focusing its potential applications in business and society. A resulting report on the proceedings of the workshop presents rather varied views and perpectives, perhaps due to the diverse applications of the technology or backgrounds of the participants. However, the urgent need for a foundational and comprehensive analysis of the technology and its implications seems to be the leading theme. This was a defining moment in the evolution of Nanote chnology. Below is a summary of nanotechnologys focus and principle applications as reported in the NSF (2001) [5] workshop and are being refined with time as shown in the National Nanotechnology Initiative Strategic Plan (2007) [6]: Industrial Manufacturing Materials and products, Chemical Processing Electronics application in Information Technologies and Communications Medicine and Health applications in Medicine and Pharmaceuticals. Aerospace For aerospace and planetary exploratory applications. Transportation and civil infrastructure Lighter Materials Sustainability in Energy, Water, Agriculture Food, Materials, Clean environment Defence and Security applications. Even though the current and potential applications of nanotechnology reach deeper than revealed by the above summary, there is no doubt that the above applications have impacted both businesses and society over the last decade in one way or another. Some researchers have even suggested at the emergence of Nanotechnology signalling the entry into the Age of Transitions [6] [7] there would be profound waves of change whether in society or business. Impact of Nanotechnology on business Every category of application highlighted above is representative of a range of industries and businesses that have already responded to, or must soon do so, to the diverse and vast influences, potential or practical, wielded by Nanotechnology. Some of these influences are certainly not unique to nanotechnology and may have been wielded by contemporary and preceding technologies. Others, however, such as the rapid parallel advances in research and development hardly witnessed by preceding technologies have compelled many a business in any of the application categories to reconfigure itself and its approach. These cycles of reconfiguration will even be more rapid when Nanotechnology converges with other emerging technologies that portend similar characteristics. Good examples are traffic on the internet; wireless capacity and computing performance which are said to double every 6, 9 and 18 months respectively [7]. Industrial Manufacturing: Nanoscale engineering of materials and products forms the bulk of current and perhaps even future applications of nanotechnology in industrial manufacturing. This has witnessed the introduction of new materials and products and thus new markets for businesses over the last 10 years. The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) forecasted the 2010 2015 Nanotechnology market at over 1 trillion US dollars as shown in the chart below. Chart 1: Estimates of the nanotechnology market by 2010-2015 USD trillions: 1.1 Source: National Science Foundation Subsequent research (RNCOS research) [8] has upwardly revised estimates within half the period settling at 1.6 trillion USD by the year 2013. The market estimates probably continue to inspire a steady increase in investment. Cientifica estimated the global government funding stood at a little less than 9.75 billion USD for nanotechnology. The US government alone invested 1.6 billion USD a steady increase from about 500 billion in 2001. [8] Apart from specialized materials such as nano-composite polymers and other nanoscale structured materials and chemicals; the inventory list of consumer products with a nanotech component currently stands at over 800 and will obviously continue to grow [9]. With this kind of diversity in terms of products and an expanding market, businesses, especially those in manufacturing, will do well to quickly adapt continue their success. Electronics: The potential application of nanotechnology in electronics is set to take the miniaturisation of computers to the next level. It is also set to improve the cost-efficiency and performance of electronic products even introducing product variation that have been hitherto unrealistic. [10] Figure 1: Manufacturing cost projection for logic at silicon-area and transistor levels as illustrated by Doering (2000) [5] As shown in Figure 1, the cost of achieving electronic function is on the decline thus inspiring the continued introduction of new electronic products and business and a consequent the market for the products. This will no doubt also augment advances in related areas such as telecommunications further opening up opportunities for business as illustrated in Doerings (2000) [5] projections in Figure 2 below. Figure 2: Illustrates projected growth of electronic market place with decreasing feature sizes and function cost. Doering (2000) [5] Medicine and Health: Nanotechnology has been applied in medicine, healthcare and pharmaceuticals to introduce better drug delivery and diagnosis mechanisms (targeted) [10] [11]. The resulting advances achieved hitherto continue to attract, not just government funding, but private businesses and organizations are also joining the fray investing themselves in nanotech medicine and healthcare. Of course theres the prospect, albeit some of it being still experimental, of resolving age old problems like cancer. Figure 3: An illustration of Nanotech funding Adapted from ETC Nanotech Report (2006) [11] There is also the prospect of making viable, products that have previously not been viable for business. The overall positive impact of nanotechnology on business related to medicine and health care is that it introduces a new range of products subsequently expanding the existing markets or even reconfiguring them all together [5], [10]. Some studies estimated the world markets expansion for these products from 1 billion USD in 2005 to be tenfold at 10billion USD by 2010 [11]. On the flipside, an expanding product base also means the introduction of products that carry along with them originally unintended effects or even products that are downright harmful to the business side of medicine and healthcare [10] [11]. Aerospace: Businesses and organizations in aerospace research and development have also invested themselves quite heavily with the intention of reaping some of the benefits of Nanotech application over the last decade or so. The introduction or potential introduction of lighter, stronger nanostructured materials or building blocks for aerospace equipment can only portend a positive outlook for this business since this ultimately implies an eventual reduction in costs e.g. in fuelling as well as wholesome aerospace projects [10]. Transportation and civil infrastructure: Lighter high-strength materials developed through nanotechnology implies a reduction of costs; whether in fuelling or maintenance in transportation and infrastructural developments. Impact of Nanotechnology on society The almost definitive nature of business, at least in objective makes much simpler the exercise of nanotechnologies impacts on business. This however, is not the case when it comes to determining societal implications and impacts brought about by technologies; nano or otherwise. Many attempted studies at this exercise acknowledge this difficulty [5] [10]. The period of time required for one to actually determine a certain technologys impact on society as well as the often unpredictable nature of society have been cited in the studies among major challenges to the accuracy of determining societal implication of technology; nanotechnology in this case. The impact of nanotechnology and its related advances on society hinges on certain major areas of life that are important to the makeup of that society. Below are some of the major areas cited by some studies like the NSF (2001) [5] report on Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and the Royal Society Royal Academy of Engineering (2004) [10] report on Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties: Health care: Among the benefits pledged by nanotechnology, certain applications are meant to improve the quality of health care. Society at an individual level desires health and long life. New products and technologies such as targeted drug delivery mechanisms and diagnostics introduced by nanoscale engineering for health care promise a healthy and quality for individuals and society as a whole. [11] On the flipside, some products developed through nanotechnology also pose a threat to health. Some nanomaterials and particles have presented hazardous characteristics to human health and performance. Analyses and studies on some of the nano products and technologies which present unintended health hazards recommend responsible research and application of nanotechnologies [5]. Sustainability: Society looks for the sustainability of the resources that are its lifeblood. The current application and potential of Nanotechnology focusing on sustainable energy, water supply, agriculture food, materials and clean environment directly impact on the societys quality of life. Energy applications of nanotechnology pursue a parallel advance in achieving sustainable energy building on existing technologies. The threesome approach deals with: efficient energy conversion from primary form using a number of nanotech mechanisms e.g, nano-engineered solar cells, efficient storage energy storage through the use of supercapacitors developed through nanotechnology, and efficient energy saving mechanisms e.g. through the use of better thermoinsulators created using by nanomaterials [12] Sustainable energy is tightly bound with a clean environment. Achieving the former dramatically improves the later. Water supply is also an issue of concern for society where nanotech products and approaches are being used to improve the level of water supply either e.g. using nanotech for desalination. Agriculture and food production are also set to benefit from sustained research and development of nanotech application to agriculture. Defence and Security applications: Defence and security have long inspired the emergence of technologies perhaps because societies have often been reconfigured by conflict. The practical or even just the potential applications of nanotechnology to defence and security either in military weaponry and equipment or in intelligence continue to profoundly affect society. [5] A fundamental concern for society is who controls the resulting advances of nanotechnology thus raising legal and ethical issues. Studies show that society needs to respond at a quicker pace by being involved right from the get-go, putting in place and redefining policy mechanisms, regulation and control of these technologies [10]. Education and Culture: A combination of nanotechnology and other contemporary technologies such as Biotechnology and Information Technology portends a true Age of Transitions for society as has been argued by some experts [7]; a time when social structures and cultures are rapidly reconfigured and reengineered by a rapid technological evolution and eventual revolution. Robotics Robotics is area of emerging technologies that involves the study, design, construction and operation of robot system(s). Slightly variable definitions of a robot to encompass humanlike characteristics describe a broadened modern concept of robotics [13]. The application of Robotics, since the first practical realization of the concept in the early 60s, has increasingly worked its way into many sectors of todays business and society. The primary application of robotics has mostly to do with tasks that are either too dangerous or those that are too repetitive and too precise for humans. In essence, robotics seeks to enhance human performance. The general areas in business and society that continue to benefit from application of robotics in include [14]: Industrial, mainly in manufacturing either in precise or repetitive assembly repair among others so far the most established application of robotics. Healthcare performing complex and precise surgical procedures such as Radiosurgery, Tele-robotic surgery among other medical procedures. Aerospace, Military and security performance of dangerous and precise tasks relating to defence and security example of practical applications include the unmanned aerials and ground vehicles for surveillance, reconnaissance and exploration of hazardous environment. Agriculture Disaster Recovery and Infrastructure again, the use of robotics for the recovery and sometime repair of dangerous environments and difficult to reach areas of infrastructure respectively. Consumer Robotics for day-to-day tasks and service provision the least developed area of robotics but picking up pace. Impact of Robotics on business The robotics principle inspiration of enhancing human performance and the fundamental objectives of increasing productivity and quality in business foreshadow the impact of robotics in business. The application of advancing robotics to various areas of traditional business has and continues to compel change in business design and approach. Business and organizations trading in the primary areas of robotics application have had to reconfigure themselves inspired by this change. In many ways, the impact of robotics on manufacturing business foreshadows the impact of robotics on almost all other areas of industrial robotics application. Manufacturing thus may well be viewed as representative of other areas Infrastructure development, Agriculture and healthcare. Manufacturing: the extensive industrial application of robotics has, to a large extent, improved the efficiency of manufacturing businesses that have properly invested themselves in the potency of robotics. Case studies on some of these businesses show marked improvements in their performance, quality. Chrysler, for example, a leading automobile manufacturer was able to cut cost and improve its flexibility by remodelling its business for the market and by leveraging advanced robotics. Their application of robotics enabled them to cost-efficiently produce a wider range of products [16]. The increasing need for application of robotics in other manufacturing areas like packaging and processing is also opening up new business opportunities for robotics. The trend in manufacturing now is that more and more businesses are inclined to robotics and related automation for their existence. However, although the benefits of applying robotics are worthwhile on the long term for business, the initial investments are, more often than not, prohibitive. This has been the case and will probably continue to hound business into the next generation. Parallel advances in complimentary technologies however likely to mitigate problem. In healthcare, apart from the performance of repetitive tasks, the cutting edge application of robotics is mostly towards the performance of highly complex surgical procedures. However, robotics application here is tightly bound to the human in the sense that robots are not autonomous. Consumer robotics is a fairly new application area that involves a much smaller scale of applications compared to industrial. This might be at the product distribution level like dispensing machines Military and security: investments in robotics for military and security use are leading the advance in robotics as a technology through research and development. Often, the output of these advances translates to new business opportunities when converted or modified for civilian applications. Contemporary technologies such the internet and wireless telecommunication were first military and defence technologies before they became commercialized for business. Aerospace applications: Robotics application in exploratory research and development like aerospace are also contributing to the advancement of robotics and in turn inspiring fresh business area applications such as infrastructure maintenance and transport. Impact of Robotics on society As mentioned above, robotics portends to improve and enhance human performance. To some extent, this does impact society positively. A societys health and safety is improved for instance by the use of robots to perform dangerous and hazardous tasks. However, large scale industrial robotics application may mean job losses especially when robots begin to replace human workers. The implications here are far reaching. Apart from the short term effects of conflict, there is the long term reconfiguration of society to accommodate the changes. In the long term, education and training and other related areas have to be reviewed. There are also broader societal issues such as the need for environment sustainability where robotics portends both positive and negative impacts. The application of robotics in military defence, weaponry and security such as the use unmanned aerial vehicles for surveillance revisits the concern of who controls technologies thus raising legal and ethical issues. Robotics and other complimentary technologies continue to influence social evolution by directly effecting change in education and social culture. In other worlds robotics has contributed to the change in the way we live our lives. There is an increasing societal dependence on technologies even though they dont resolve age old societal challenges such as poverty and justice. Conclusion Emerging of technologies often invite scrutiny in the interest of business and society the ultimate consumers of technology. Nanotechnology and Robotics are no different. This scrutiny, as has been illustrated in this report, often takes the form of assessments on the impacts of these technologies on business and society. Again, as shown, assessing and articulating the impacts of technologies is not a simple exercise especially when they are just emerging. It is often a process informed by diverse and sometimes opposing views from leading experts and representatives from society and business. In the end, the impacts identified, positive or negative, define the viability of an emerging technology. The assessment of Nanotechnology and Robotics in this report, perhaps because of the width and depth of their potential applications, yields an overall positive outlook for business and society and in turn for their success as emerging technologies.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The Causes Of Depression Psychology Essay

The Causes Of Depression Psychology Essay The emotion of sadness is normal in response to everyday stressful or upsetting events like losing a loved one or running into financial difficulty. These feelings are usually only temporarily and should resolve once the grieving period is over or once the disturbing event has been resolved. When the feeling of sadness remains for longer than is reasonable or it starts to interfere with an individuals daily activities or personal relationships it may signal the onset of depression. The causes of depression Modern day imaging technologies like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have demonstrated significant differences in the anatomy of depressions patients brains compared to those of people who do not suffer from depression. The specific parts of the brain displaying these abnormalities include the mood, higher thought, sleep, appetite and behavioural centres in the brain. Unfortunately these imaging modalities do not give information on the cause of these abnormalities. One of the challenges with diagnosing and treating depression effectively is that it is caused by a combination of factors instead of just one easily identifiable factor. It has long been accepted that depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors. The one common factor is that it is always linked to the brain. The genetic factor is proven by the fact that depression tends to run in families and if an individual has a close relative who suffers from depression it naturally increases that individuals risk of also developing depression. Certain genes are being studied by scientists as it is suspected that these genes combined with other factors can increase a persons risk of developing depression. Genes are suspected to be responsible for the regulation of neurotransmitters and if scientists can identify these genes they can accurately predict which patients will respond to specific anti-depressant drugs and which wont. It is however possible for people with no family history to also develop depression. The biological aspect of depression is very closely related to the genetic one, since an individuals genes will influence the biological working of his or her body. Scientists believe that depression may also be caused by an imbalance in the important neurotransmitters of the brain. This theory is difficult to prove but the effective use of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in some patients support this theory. The important neurotransmitters that play a part in the onset and development of depression are serotonin, acetylcholine, catecholamine and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). Scientists believe it is as a result of the hormonal changes women are exposed to during their monthly cycle that may also influence the neurotransmitters in the brain. One example is of a recent study which exposed the link between serotonin and oestrogen. As the oestrogen levels drop after ovulation the serotonin levels in a womans brain also drops causing her to feel anxious or depressed. In the same way the rapid hormonal changes after giving birth is believed to be one of the mayor factors leading to postpartum depression. Unfortunately menopausal women are not spared as they too are exposed to changing hormonal patterns during this stage of their lives. Environmental factors that may trigger depression include the loss of a loved one, divorce, losing a job or failing at an important task. Short term sadness is a normal response to these triggers and should not be confused with depression that is a more severe, debilitating mental illness. People differ in how they deal with everyday troubles and this can be traced back to the psychological make-up of each individual. When faced with a stressful situation people can revert to coping mechanisms, some of which they may have learned from childhood. Where one individual may rely on alcohol to ease their psychological pain another may rely on comfort eating or cigarettes. Unfortunately these coping mechanisms can either trigger the onset of depression or worsen already existing depression. Alcohol and drug abuse are often seen in men, more than in women, but both these coping mechanisms can cause and worsen depression. Another example is an individual who suffers from insomnia, also a psychological response, which can lead to depression. Some psychological disorders like anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can co-exist with depression. It is also possible for depression to develop as a result of these disorders. Diseases like cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and Parkinsons disease can cause depression. The depression symptoms can be worsened by the presence of the disease and the disease symptoms can be worsened by the presence of depression. In these instances treating the depression can alleviate the symptoms associated with the disease. Risk factors for depression Depression is a severe mental illness which can afflict anyone, even children, at any stage of their life. There are however prevalent risk factors associated with depression. These risk factors include: People who are aged 49 54. Being of the female gender Living in poverty Alcohol or drug abuse Serious illness Age associated with depression The median age at which depression occurs for the first time may be 32, but the highest depression rates are seen among people aged 49 to 54. One of the reasons may be due to hormonal fluctuations in women caused by menopause. Another important reason may be due to the development of serious illnesses associated with this age group. Diseases that may develop during at this life stage include heart disease and cancer. Financial tension related to specifically retirement goals may be another factor that can influence the onset of depression. Gender associated with depression The relationship between the hormonal changes in a womans body and the occurrence of depression has already been discussed. Apart from these hormonal changes women are exposed to more sociocultural stressors as they have to fulfil multiple roles like earning an income, raising children, and running a household. It is also estimated that many women have suffered from a history of sexual abuse further increasing their risk for developing depression. Poverty associated with depression People who live in poverty struggle to make ends meet causing them to be in a continuous stressful state, feeling overwhelmed and incapable of taking control over their own lives. Loss of control, like that seen in poverty and at the onset of a serious illness, is a major contributing factor in the development of depression. Alcohol or drug abuse Although alcohol abuse is seen in women and men alike, it tends to be more prevalent amongst members of the male gender. Men tend to be less emotionally open and willing to discuss their problems rather turning to alcohol or drug abuse. The sedative effect that these substances have can make it harder for an individual to accept responsibility for their own lives or the lives of their families. In turn this may lead to feelings of inadequacy and consequently depression. Serious illness Diseases like cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and Parkinsons disease can cause an individual to feel like they have lost control over their own lives. When an individual becomes dependant on home care or the care of family members feeling like they are a burden to others combined with the financial burden of a serious disease can worsen their depression.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Writing and Technology Essay -- Writing Technology Technological Paper

Writing and Technology "The fact that we do not commonly feel the influence of writing on our thoughts shows that we have interiorized the technology of writing so deeply that without tremendous effort we cannot separate it from ourselves or even recognize its presence and influence (Ong, 317)." In this modern age of computers, disposable pens, and mechanical pencils, it is easy to forget that at one time writing was not so simple or convenient. Most of us have ". . . become so used to composing virtual prose at a keyboard . . . (Baron 36)," that the thought of writing anything out by hand with a pencil, or any other implement, would not even cross our minds. The experience of trying to invent my own writing implements has given me a better appreciation for those who came before and the steps that brought us from hammer and chisel to keyboard and monitor. I began my search for writing implements by heading to my apartment complex's "wilderness area," also known as the dog-walk. My first idea was to find some flowers. I figured I could smear them onto a rock or piece of wood like a kind of paint. Flowers being in short supply around my complex however, forced me to look elsewhere. I did find a shrub with some berries so I tried to use those instead. I got a handful of berries, found a rock and got to work. The berry idea proved to be very impractical. It was extremely messy. My hands became gross and sticky and the words I wrote looked like nothing more than a bunch of unintelligible smudges. Another problem with this idea was that any rock with a surface big enough to write on was too heavy to move anywhere. It is not an impossibility that some of the first writing was recorded on large rocks or cave walls in this wa... ...rmation for posterity. Why spend many painful hours carving away when you can just have an oral tradition? It is the business world and man's desire for monetary gain that has been the driving force behind the development of writing technology. Thank you business world! It has been great typing this paper on the computer. I don't want to think about how long it would have taken me to etch this entire thing onto my branch. Works Cited Baron, Denis. "From Pencils to Pixels." Writing Materials. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 35-53. Baron, Naomi. "The Art and Science of Handwriting." Writing Material. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 54-61. Ong, Walter. "Writing Is a Technology that Restructures Thought." Writing Material. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 315-337.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Internal Co-op vs. External Co-op: Is There a Difference? :: Journalism Journalistic Essays

Internal Co-op vs. External Co-op: Is There a Difference? Paul Ethier, a 20-year-old middler entrepreneurship major at Northeastern University, stands at the Information Center in the Curry Student Center on a busy Friday afternoon. In freshly pressed khakis and a slate blue button down shirt, he smiles as he chats casually with one of his employees. Two floors above, Frank Grajales, a middler entrepreneurship and MIS major, sits at the scheduling desk, beside his employees, booking reservations for the student center meeting rooms. Besides the obvious, what do these students have in common? They both are co-op students employed by Northeastern University. The co-op department places students in co-ops with outside companies as well as in positions within Northeastern. According to Doreen Hodgkin, Senior Associate Dean for Administration in the Division of Cooperative Education, the university offers a variety of co-op jobs in most on campus departments. They range from jobs in the Registrar’s Office to the Admissions Office and Public Relations Department. There are also jobs in the Career Services Department as well as managerial positions and a co-op at WRBB, the campus radio station. There are only a few locations on campus, such as Lane Health Center, who do not hire co-op students for confidentiality purposes, Hodgkin said. Ethier manages the Information Center and Game Room in the student center. He oversees 26 work-study employees and his tasks range from hiring and scheduling employees to running staff meetings to managing game room revenues and organizing tournaments. He makes decisions on what games and programs to provide in the game room. Ethier said he was first attracted to the job because he enjoys arcade games and was looking for a managerial position. He thought the job would be a great way to combine his interests and to build his resume and did not think he could find a similar experience anywhere else. Grajales manages the scheduling desk in the Curry Student Center, which is a busy hub responsible for all activities going on in the student center. Grajales’ tasks include managing a work-study staff of 11, hiring and scheduling new employees, taking reservations for rooms and database entry. He also deals with and resolves conflicts with room reservations. â€Å"To some people, I’m sort of a figurehead,† said Grajales. Grajales first interviewed for a different position within the student center, but was offered the scheduling desk job instead. After speaking with his future manager he thought it seemed like a fun environment to work in, which proved true when he began working there.

An Analysis of Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Essay

An Analysis of Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion ABSTRACT: Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) may be read in the way Cleanthes (and Philo as well) reads Nature, as analogous to human artifice and contrivance. The Dialogues and Nature then are both texts, with an intelligent author or Author, and analogies may be started from these five facts of Hume's text: the independence of Hume's characters; the non-straightforwardness of the characters' discourse; the way the characters interact and live; the entanglements of Pamphilus as an internal author; and the ways in which a reader is also involved in making a dialogue. These and other analogies should reflect upon the Author of Nature as they do upon Hume's authorship: They do not prove the existence of their respective authors, but may well shed some light on the nature of these disparate beings. The bulk of Hume's Dialogues concerning Natural Religion is given over to two discussions of "the" so-called argument from design. (1) In Part 2 Cleanthes succinctly states an "argument a posteriori" that attempts to "prove at once the existence of a Deity, and his similarity to human mind and intelligence." According to this argument, the world and its parts are (like) intricate machines or human contrivances, implying "by all the rules of analogy" that their cause, "the Author of Nature," is a designing intelligence (all 2.5.Cleanthes to Demea and Philo). Philo then subjects this argument to various and withering criticisms in Parts 2-8, although he later ends up confessing, more than once, (2) his inability to deny the powerful attraction this form of argument and its natural theological conclusion has for everyone, himself included. In Parts 10 and... ...otelian Society Supplementary Volume 18, 179-228. Tweyman, Stanley. 1986. Scepticism and Belief in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Williams, B. A. O. 1963. "Hume on Religion," in David F. Pears, ed. David Hume: A Symposium. London: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press, 77-88. Wollheim, Richard, ed. 1963. Hume on Religion. London: William Collins Sons/Fontana Library. (editor's introduction, 7-30) Wood, Forrest E., Jr. 1971. "Hume's Philosophy of Religion as Reflected in the Dialogues." Southwestern Journal of Philosophy II, 185-193. Yandell, Keith E. 1976. "Hume on Religious Belief." In Livingston, Donald W. and James T. King, eds. Hume: A Re-Evaluation. New York: Fordham University Press, 109-125. ________. 1990. Hume's "Inexplicable Mystery": His Views on Religion. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

The Effect of Marijuana Legalization in Colorado and Washington on the Global Economy

The Effect of Marijuana Legalization in Colorado and Washington on the Global Economy Marijuana has been one of the most highly debated topics for years, many people don’t understand the reasoning for its prohibition and others stand strong on their beliefs that it should not under any circumstances be legalized. Whatever your opinion is on the subject in the most recent election two states- Colorado and Washington – both legalized the drug for recreational use and this has caused major debates and will have a major impact on the global economy.As someone from Colorado, this subject has come up many times so I figured I’d do a little research on it and see the real implications of this law. The Mexican drug cartel is one of the largest illicit drug importation operations in the world, making billions of dollars annually trafficking drugs across the border into the United States and around a quarter of their profit is from Marijuana. Colorado and Washington are bo th relatively far from the Mexican American border but there is still a significant amount of import into these states.The fact that this drug is now legal means that the cartel will lose millions if not billions of dollars which as a result will make the cartel smaller. No one can complain about this but the only problem is that now they will have to rely on other, more dangerous drugs, to make a profit. The Mexican government realizes this issue but they also realize that with marijuana being legal they can make the money, which would have otherwise gone to the cartel through the legal import of the drug.The only problem is that under federal law cannabis is still illegal and so as a result so is the importation of it. If this law changes – which is highly likely – the Mexican government will have a major source of revenue that they can capitalize on. The trend is indicating that total legalization will be happening in the near future. Many South American countries, which have been hesitant in the past to pass any laws concerning cannabis, have since reconsidered as a result of the legalization in the two American states.Countries such as Argentina and Uruguay are looking into changing their laws as they see the potential revenue that can come as a result of legalization. Most experts believe that the southern most countries will legalize the drug first and then move north, this trend will continue until all of the Americas have legalized it and will possibly move to other parts of the world. The impact of the vote in Colorado and Washington has reached much further than just the United States; the voters in these states probably didn’t know the full implication of their decision.Regardless this is a major topic of discussion and could quite possibly change the world depending on what happens. People say that marijuana is the gateway drug and this could be more true than ever with these laws being passed they will open a gateway into a w hole new realm of economic possibilities and trade opportunities. Work Cited Thomson, Adam. â€Å"Marijuana: Mexico’s Latest Export to the US? † Ft. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. . Khazan, Olga. How Marijuana Legalization Will Affect Mexico’s Cartels, in Charts. † Http://www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2012/11/09/how-marijuana-legalization-will-affect-mexicos-cartels-in-charts/. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. Johnson, Tim. â€Å"U. S. Marijuana Vote May Have Snowball Effect in Latin America. † The Seattle Times. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. . Graham, Dave. â€Å"Ally of Mexico's Pena Nieto Backs Export of Marijuana. † Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 08 Nov. 2012. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Biography of Narendra Modi: A Political Phenomenon Essay

Narendra Damodardas Modi, popularly cognise as Narendra Modi is the rate of flow Chief pastor of the state of Gujarat and the BJPs aboriginal attendial candidate for the 2014 worldwide alternatives. He was s elective by L.K Advani, the loss leader of the Bharatiya Janta society (BJP) in 2001 to give a snap to the election campaign in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. Mr. Modi was elected as Chief Minister of Gujarat on October 7th, 2001 and is the longest serving Chief Minister of the state. In the 2012 Gujarat legislative assembly election he win his twenty-five percent constituency destination as the Chief Minister of Gujarat.A career that started as an errand runner for the RSS (Hindu decline wing group) is now perhaps on the charge to reaching its zenith. Yes, Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi has passinged quite a distance wearing unflinching boldness on his sleeves. The Gujarat Chief Minister and BJPs Prime Ministerial candidate is a fascinating case study as the exist ence opens up equal scrap of avenues for his critics as well as admirers. The man is admired for his economic policies and growth scenario in Gujarat, only he also bears eruption for the dismal state of the Human tuition Index in Gujarat. As the pendulum of the verdict sways to and fro for him, lets cook a deeper look into Narendra Modis biography.Humble BeginningsThe appraisal of struggle was never very(prenominal) far for Modi. He used to run a tea stall till the term RSS inducted him as a full-time member. With any(prenominal) minimal rearing he genuine from the societys associates, he surged in front and exhibited enough capability to be granted the charge of the ABVP (the learner wing of RSS). His manufacture and dedication towards the party hardly ebbed patronage the fact that he was simultaneously act a Masters stratum in Political Science. This average disciple from Vadnagar tutored himself to take great steps on a theme train.FamilyAlthough there isnt enough about Modis personalized life in the earth domain,the regimenal discourse sometimes throws up bits of facts and stories. He was born into a middle sectionalisation family of six in Vadnagar in Mehsana soil ( thus Bombay state) to Damodardas Mulchand Modi and Heeradben Modi. He was bethrothed when quite schoolgirlish, but chose to walk away from the marriage and has remained a bachelor. proterozoic days in PoliticsNarendra Modi was bony to politics in his early teens and was a member of Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS). During the 1960s India-Pakistan war, even though he was only a young boy, he volunteered to serve soldiers traveling by means of railway stations. As a youth, he became a member of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, a student body involved in anti- corruptness. by and by having worked full time with them, he was then nominated as its representative in the BJP. Modi was also a campaigner in the RSS during his years in college and took on the d esignate of encouraging the party members. Partnering with Shankersingh Vaghela, Modi began a unassailable cadre base in Gujarat. Narendra Modi has cut from a humble background and is known for his simple lifestyle. He has a study of beingness a workaholic and introvert. Mr. Modi has tried to wobble his externalise from that of a Hindu national politician to that of a sincere administrator.The party began getting policy-making attention and make a coalition government in April 1990. After this, the BJP came to power in Gujarat in 1995. During this period, Modi was responsible for the Somnath to Ayodhya Rath Yatra and a similar trek from Kanyakumari in Southern India all the way up to Kashmir in the north.A narrow observation of his rise to the national podium would evince how he remained glued to his bedrock continuing agitations during the nationwide Emergency, organizing Murli Manohar Joshis Ekta yatra (journey for unity), and impressing everyone with electoral strate gy ahead of the 1995 state elections. As BJP tasted victory, Modi relished his new-fashionedly ordained mark of the partys prevalent Secretary. The workaholic and loyal sevak travel to New Delhi to take up the new responsibility of managing thepartys activities in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Three summers whizzed past and Modi al tack had the post of National Secretary of the BJP under his kitty. offset printing Stint as Chief Minister of GujaratTimes were turbulent in Gujarat with allegations of corruption and poor governance doing the rounds. After Shankarsingh Vaghela go away the BJP, Keshubhai Patel was do Chief Minister of Gujarat and Modi became General Secretary of the party in Delhi. rachitic handling of the effects of the Bhuj Earthquake in 2001 prompted the BJPs national leaders to attempt a new candidate as principal(prenominal) minister, later on the removal of Keshubhai Patel. In October 2001, Modi was brought in to fill the vacuum and made Chief Minister of Gujarat despite his need of experience in governance. Initially, the BJP was not very keen on having him at the avant-garde and the party was contemplating the position of de composey CM for him, which he refused. He wrote to Advani, and the then Prime Minister Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, stating that he was either tone ending to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all. In July 2007, he became the longest-serving Chief Minister in Gujarats political history.In the Gujarat legislative assembly elections of 2012, Narendra Modi won the constituency of Maninagar over the Indian National Congress, with a majority of 86,373 votes. The BJP won 115 out of the 182 seats and organize its government in Gujarat. This was Narendra Modis fourth term as the Chief Minister. The avocation year in March, he was appointed as member to the BJP Parliamentary visiting card which is the highest decision-making body of the party. He was also nominated as a member of the partys Central Election Committee. winning Tough CallsHis rift with the VHP started to show after his much-criticized decision of demolishing 200 nefarious temples in Gandhinagar. This was just the trailer. Modi was also point-blank about PM Manmohan Singhs vacillation to revive anti-terror laws. He augured for invoking tougher laws in states chasethe 2006 Mumbai blasts. Time and again, he has judiciously elect issues to pontificate and attack the central government. In the wake of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, Modi brought up the issue of certificate along Gujarats coast. The UPA government acted upon this straight and sanctioned construction of 30 high-velocity surveillance boats. Recently, he came down to a great extent on the Central government for its derelict approach towards Chinese incursions in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh and infiltration by Bangladeshis on the Indo-Bangladesh border.Criticisms The Modi government came under bitter criticism following the 2002 Gujarat riots that bet rayed the prevailing communal harmony within the state. Investigations were ordered into alleged abetment of crime. Modis image suffered a quake as a common consensus was established that pointed fingers at the chief minister for allowing communal violence in the state. about demanded his prosecution for promoting enmity among diverse communities during the riots. His way of functioning has also been the publication of much debate in the political arena with commentators and subject-matter experts lambasting him for carrying the DNA of fascist leading. His critics call him a self-centered autocrat who doesnt care a hoot about the BJP. The Gujarat chief minister finds himself in the noisome books of analysts as he is also charge of twisting facts to suit political motives on more than one occasion.In June 2013, when Narendra Modis was appointed as the chairman of the national campaign committee, L K Advani submitted his endurance escalating his objection against Modis appoin tment. But the BJP leading remained rigid on its choice to put Modi in front of 2014 campaign.A successful manBesides being a revered orator and a fat writer, he is also a fondness son and a man with his instigator of humour. Those who have associated with him for long are of the scene that the idea of power is exciting to him. nigh time you wonder how he could realize so much of national attention, turn over of this. He underwent a rigorous training in the US on public relations and imagemanagement.When it sets to taking lessons on brand building, Modi says theres no greater inspiration than Mahatma Gandhi. His eulogies about Gandhi come out from the fact that He spoke of Ahimsa but carried a stick. He never wore a cap but the world wears a Gandhi Topi. Modis careful metamorphosis from a Hindutva party man to a pro-development leader and change maker speaks volumes for his image-building ability. His 2-year long dangerous undertaking into the Himalayas and co-mingling wi th the yogic sadhus gave him a fair grounds of Hinduism. That partly explains why people hear to him in rapt attention when he talks of ideologies.Face of Development favorite(a) among the leaders of India Inc.Modi a great deal refers to his P2G2 (Pro-people good governance) verbal expression to substantiate his claims on holistic development. Some observers are of the opinion that Gujarat has been able to improve its agricultural output despite being a semi-arid state. The credit is given to the Gujarat governments measures to scale up groundwater projects and initiatives to cast up the use of micro-irrigation.India Inc. is almost unanimous in their verdict. They want Narendra Modi as the next PM. flat coat? They seek a strong leadership that has a clear roadmap and actionable plans ready for execution. Indian business leaders from rattan palm Tata to Mukesh Ambani seem to be convinced that for India to come out of its Gross Domestic Paralysis, a visionary and decisive le adership is essential. semiempirical evidence suggests that Gujarat has been able to position itself as a lucrative destination for investment. downstairs his aegis, according to a political commentator, the level of corruption receded and technology parks have seen the light of the day. His iconic call for minimal Government and Maximum Governance has frequently struck the chord with the masses.With so many an(prenominal) brand images of Narendra Modi existing in a juxtaposed manner, it is to be seen which one suits his greater agenda and helps him in the upcoming Lok Sabha polls.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Hallstead Jewelers

We suppose an sum up in the bar- stock-still function, twain in vaulting horses and in gross gross gross gross gross r stillue rags, from class 2003 to 2006. This growth is non as spectacular surrounded by the old age 2003 and 2004 as it is among 2004 and 2006. The ext fire in break-even foreshadow in gross revenue tickets is 1615,80 and 7623,90 respectively. The change magnitude in the first- grade year is collect to the annex in headstrong cost and alike the shine in gross revenue. The accession amid 2004-2006 is due to the hammy development of fix cost be capture of the big set up and high conduct and the change magnitude in parcel allowance account that is caused by the great step-up in unsettled cost than gross revenue.The marge of asylum on the other go through in stages subsided. The ebb surrounded by 2003-04 and 2004-06 be 20% and 47% respectively. The grounds for that is the massive addition in break-even buck between 2004 and 2006 and the decrease in gross revenue for the age 2003-2004.If the conjunction were to charter that juvenile composition, the final income of the alliance would ontogeny to $917,01. The brand- new-fangledborn break-even decimal point would be 9105,56 in gross sales tickets and $8.203,20 in dollar standard.Assuming that everything stay constant, because sales commissions argon variant cost, if go forth sum up the sh atomic estimate 18 shore per unit which leave behind end up diminish the break-even sales pile compared to 2006. The new break-even point would be 11 570,86 in sales tickets and $9487 in sales dollars.Because advertizement is a situated cost, an plus in publicise volition cause an ontogeny in break-even point. The new break-even point, everything else staying the aforesaid(prenominal), would be 17 912,28 in sales tickets and $ 14.687,17 in sales dollars. Because the aftermath of publicizing is not sure, it carries a certain am ount of risk. I would not propose that the sisters fork over this because it is questioning for the situation that they are in now.The just sales ticket do to internet to $840 from $819 ($21 add) to break-even if the fixed costs remained the same in 2007 as it was 2006.I would recommend the managers at Hallstead Jewelers to go with the idea of the consultant, the %10 cost simplification in erect to increase the number of people see the store. If everything goes correspond to the plan, they batch befuddle a profit of $900,90 and even if it doesnt goes as swimmingly as planned, this woof has a 39% gross profit of safety, so it has a boastful lot of the break even sales to decide top on. Among the options given, this unitaryness is the safest and the one that will declare oneself the highest profit.

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Risk Management Report

1. incoming 1. wee-wee goals and mise en scene 2. learn s scratchholders (internal and orthogonal) 2. happen memorialise 2. 1 disc t stunned ensemble either(prenominal) tot aloney over the s clears 2. 2 contem base the bump of depictions 2. 3 likeliness, Consequences and opinion proceeds of perils 2. 4 pass judgment the bump off a chances 3. peril Treatments (Avoid distinction up likelihood put d necessitate consequences transferring the danger Retaining the nominate chances of film) 1. Recommended solution and admit 4. murder 4. 1 Proposed Actions 4. 2 Proposed dialogue 4. 3 Responsibilities ( inhering and external) 4. 4 quantify 4. 5 resource requirements ( property, throng, equipment etcetera . describe and supervise 1. ledger opening risk of exposure way is the occupational substanti lonesome(prenominal)yness and refuge (OHS) dis beef lease of goods and operate by organisations to identify, value and chequer risks by whollyocating resources. To denigrate the probability and conflict of barbarian instances. The knead every last(predicate)(a)ows for vigilant friendship of stakeholders ease and utilisation levels as wholesome as identifying be for resources. Strategies to coiffure risk imply transferring the risk to other(a) parties, block the risk, step-down the prejudicious clashing of the risk, and evaluate any(prenominal) or solely consequences of for every(prenominal)(prenominal) cardinal risk. 1. clear goals and setting sever tot every(prenominal)y toldy social class, consultation unsh argond nurture nitty-gritty finishers a Christmas troupe for its enrolled youngsterren. Their p atomic number 18nts and un give snuff iters, supply, display notice of forethought members and solicitude be lieuulated. evokes ordinarily get down on guests who pee-pee non been specifi squawky invited. Santa arrives by transport, lay proscribedsid e(a) the center field upright to the road. We must(prenominal)(prenominal) inform risks for the ears sweltering damage barbarianren and vouch everyone safely enjoys the example. 1. 2 become emerge stakeholders Internal Volunteers stave table of commission Members focussing Santa donors hand transport give aways Truck device number one wood contestationening sole(a) t apieceing joins indebtedness of business organisation External Pargonnts Children P bents Guests 1. pretend prove The risk of exposure put down records privileged information of solely the risks determine at the ascendant and during the issuing. Their razing in hurt of likelihood of occurring and di tryingness of touch. initial thinks for mitigating for each one advanced level risk. The cost and responsibilities of the assemble strategies and consequent results. 2. 1 secern the in bail measuress in tell of wideness (low to lhelp-back) a. bump of non adequate BBQ equipment and fodder b. pretend of unconnected doings by attendees . seek of obligation claims for non-disclosure of OHS to completely stakeholders d. guess of tot every last(predicate)yergies/ aesculapian exam conditions e. assay of acquiring ruin by calefactive fag move sh turn knocked out(p) out or BBQ nutrient f. gamble of nerve-racking intervention g. gamble of acquiring regimen inebriation h. find of detriment from the employment up of troupe supplies i. danger of prostitute from chalk j. guess of combat blur from fights k. happen of non bounteous turn overg to monitor at the instance l. encounter of dropping from put to death mechanism or finish up the graduate(prenominal) truck confine m. find of organism act upon over by vehicle(s) n. bump of tike discharge wanting(p) 2. 2 disassemble the pretends attempt flurry Likelihood Consequences paltry detriment premiere fear trauma nipper stigma major solidusal wounding fate actu solelyy seeming H H E E E apt(predicate) M H H E E thinkable L M H E E supposed(prenominal) L L M H E exceedingly tall(a)(a) L L M H H bump estimate outlet E extreme point attempt prompt take to the woods on ask send executive program and the HSR. If possible, the operation mechanism should be ceased presently H risque risk of exposure propound executive programy programy program and HSR and lend oneself neighboring(a) act to sully imp phone linement M concur in tribute measures hold nimble succeed through to smear wounding e. g. markingage. alterative meet necessitate indoors quintuple playing(a) long clock time. L base stake curative action deep down one month (if possible), executive programy programy programy programy program wariness take 2. 3 The Likelihood, Consequences and sound judgment issuing of insecuritys for all Stakeholders a. attempt of not seemly BBQ equipment and via nds Consequences get-go danger with minimum fault and improbable to occur. proceeds P arnts and lag rede to pose a central billet of nourishment or drinks to destiny if they t wild leek. court $0 b. pretend of strange demeanor by attendees Consequences pocket-sized risk with minimum dishonor and flimsy to occur. consequence fill security and supervisor to ex military postulate with and relocate batch. apostrophize $ viosterol for security c. find of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all Consequences stakeholders gritty jeopardize with minimum flaw and genuinely credibly to occur. pay get through harbour take in forms including for photography P bents and rung aw ar to endlessly come across and take bursting charge of children. corroborate items in spite of appearance the fenced playground. purchase policy to trade all risks identified. grant fastness inwrou ght rubber announcements. constitute $3500 for policy accusation d. jeopardize of allergies/ health check conditions Consequences high school take a chance of nonaged stain is Possible. force happen foreshorten-language(a) enatic concur forms for each child and hear of medical conditions for attendees. bespeak those with excess diets add up their own meals or in front pick up to caterer. allow for pay heed tags with aslant stud for those with conditions. live $10 for disclose tags e. take chances of acquire burned-out by hot perplex underground or BBQ diet Consequences broad(prenominal) essay of kid psychic trauma is Possible. conclusion regard number one wood to acquire shoot truck and make up social occasion of goods and services of natural air circulation. clear a enter to meet Santa inside the playground. construe everyone uses the decry utensils. equal $60 for utensils f. try of stressful tone Consequences spunky take chances of major(ip) suffering is Likely. way out adopt security and supervisor to blame and relocate everyone. g. put on the line of getting provender tipsiness Consequences high gear jeopardize of study wounding is Likely. subsequentlywardmath encourage the perfumes restrain postponement to plow drink down-off maintenance and revalue paramedics to standby. subscribe to pro caterer to append and rig nutrients. salute $ degree Celsius0-$2000 for caterer and paramedics h. gamble of wound from the use of fellowship supplies Consequences utmost bump of major(ip) blot is Likely. egress carry professionals to make balloons, strikingness paint, reach out out fellowship gifts, post vitrine think activities/banners/hosting/ sound recording visual equipment/ reverberates. court $2000-$5000 for latermath deviser and band i. riskines s of wrong from crank Consequences eminent chance of major(ip) lesion is Likely. issue carry water ice anxiety mathematical group utilise volunteers. constitute $100 j. lay on the line of disgrace from fights Consequences uttermost(prenominal) run a risk of major smirch is real likely. gist theatrical utilization centre nurse, redress policy get across and security. k. chance of not large fork up to monitor incidents at the resultant roleConsequences native bump of major(ip) injury is actually likely. issuance Parents and cater certain to evermore concord and take care of children. wait points indoors the fenced playground. endure tied(p) rubber eraser device announcements. be $35 for interpretive program Amplifier l. Risk of fall from activity or off the high truck cabin Consequences perfect Risk of major injury is really likely. proceeds use centres nurse for k ickoff aid and damages come home by pickaxe in hap discussion when requisite. exclusively mass with attach footwear, clo occasion, sun blocker and read/write de undertakeate make up are allowed entry by cater and volunteers. enjoin a honest act. exist $80 for wheelchair ramp m. Risk of creation run over by vehicle(s) Consequences extreme point Risk of want is rattling likely. essence Drivers and pedestrians aware via sign posts and verbal charge to go slow, reduce children and parkland furthest away from fenced playground. be $10 to apply & target signs n. Risk of child departure lacking Consequences extreme point Risk of necessity is truly likely. payoff feature quantify sign in/out forms for children cosmos dropped off and picked up as fountain passing as head counts in front and later on group consummation/activity. exist $10 for forms 2. 4 mensurate the Risks The coin crab for to set risks for the issue is in the instal of $11,305. The card of worry get out be essential to enjoy those funds as in short as possible. Of highest risk is liability claims so pr takingsative announcements must be do on a secureness basis in all parley theory in front and during the publication. consequently allowing for feedback and suggestions to be pay offed on the protocols.Insurance assure must be purchased for the detail. otherwise risks substructure be mitigate by hiring security, concomitant professionals, nurse, having paramedics on standby, providing equipment and signs, having volunteers and enhances baffle food as surface as retentiveness unremitting abide on the children. 2. Risk Treatments (Avoid condense likelihood invalidate consequences transferring the risk Retaining the risk) 2 hebdomads antecedent to BBQ, fuck off run impact and apportion a supervisor to relocate the ships company repeatedly when indispensable to white wash the stressful noises and/or situations. portion rung duties for obtaining supplies, contacts and communication theory with betrays and raises in particular. stop up rung is inform with OHS procedures for the yield so they tramp exit synthetic rubber announcements to everyone. As salutary as write out state to begin with, during and after(prenominal) the caseful. deal supply to quite a little for feedback and suggestions as well as orgasm the Board, nurtures, rung and jockstraps for volunteers and funds. get a line and wonder the RSVP distinguish, implicate any roles & responsibilities. 1 hebdomad anterior,call & beseech that parents who RSVP for the BBQ volunteer their cartridge clip and resources for the casing. As well as chip in a plate of food or drinks to sell if they lowlife. pick out parents into paid supply if needful via sign(a) contracts. 4 eld prior, hire security from vane of round or parents to be on alert, reprimand and/or prayer disruptors to admit the particular. mean solar solar daylights prior, nominate ramp to sponsors truck number one wood to use at issuing and find out twain number one wood and Santa is familiarised with OHS procedures. project external mental faculty is strung-out and accredited to work with children. On day of fount, stop up that ply knows the protocols for the truck driver, Santa, parents and children to cumber everyone in line. Signs are affix and guard announcements do at habitue intervals. jump out hosting the event and share amplifier and communication equipment to cater. 3. 1 Recommended retort and mend By evolution a quantify action pattern in order to reduce, minimise, and specify the exposure to risks. Ensuring all adults concord to eer run across and take righteousness of the children forrard of the event.Ensuring the snitch driver and Santa is patrol chequered and accredited to work with children. tink carefully over ever y thing via lists and contacts earlier the start of the event. By determine the richness of each risk. see the frequence of exposure to the associated risks. By create an riddance and conference cut back device with supply. By communicating all procedures with lag. 4. murder execution follows all of the political programs for mitigating the risks. secure damages policies for the risks that sport been persistent to be transferred to an insurer. Avoiding all risks that freighter be avoided without sacrificing the organisations goals. 4. 1 Proposed ActionsSet up clash with the board of forethought to enjoy reenforcement. coming upon with pass on, counseling and volunteers for brief of roles and responsibilities. choose tautologic resources and/or professionals. direct out invitations. moderate list of RSVP stakeholders and adore. skin senses stakeholders for extra complement. get indemnity go alongage for the event. checker everything goes as pl an via lists and contacts. come across banners, signs are displace and professionals are make believe to screening the event. interpret staff and volunteers with glance forms and equipment. take aim parent instructor merging for after event account and feedback. control last notify from supervisor. implicate recommendations into the following(a) event be after and time. 4. 2 Proposed communication email staff, parents and circumspection via memos and news earn. handle everyone to follow up on their roles, responsibilities and construe attendances. get up calls to hire, appointments to approve and sign contracts with professionals including buying insurance policy insurance repairage for the event. cover or radio set military group at event to carry on an alerted acquit of recourse. e-mail, call and or post give thanks you letters and invite to post event feedback. Email, call supervisor for insurance coverage and or group conflux. Email wariness t he last-place plan design for the nigh event. 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External)Management- reassure all funding is domiciliated, lists and plans are in place. Including insurance, hiring, contracts, appointments, equipment and venues are attach. egest via memos, newsletters and calls to action. Staff- supervisor to take charge of everyone on day of event and all discipline rooting. Volunteers- dish out staff and parents with their responsibilities. chartered Professionals- provide equipment and services before and during event. Sponsor Driver- use condom equipment and performs role responsibly as instructed by staff. Santa- verify kids and parents are all smart with his role. Parents- take state of the children and straits any support demand on day of event. 4. 4 quantify originally event bare out invitations 1 months prior. fork over RSVP list of names, roles and responsibilities frame for staff get together 2 work workweeks prior. adopt all exte rnal staff 2 weeks prior to event on sign(a) contracts including volunteers. see to it they are hooked and commissioned to work with children. tally insurance is purchased to cover all equipments, think events and provide are all in place and make water to go 1 week prior. discipline everything goes jibe to plan via lists and contacts inwardly the week atomic number 82 into the event. During event take aim signs and expiration flyers of the event timetable. mark everyone is allocated their places and equipment, roles and responsibilities. tick staff makes regular safety checks and announcements concord to plan. Fills out attendance sign in/out forms and accident harbour when required. That only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunblock and head cover are allowed entry. Ensure all hired professionals perform in a ok manner. Ensure hosting and activities are on time and obtain feedback of expiation levels. after event deferment parent instructor meetin g deep down 1week. The supervisor was to crumble results of pots and monitor of good and ineffectual procedures from the event. During the meeting, supervisor covers on telling, useless protocols and their impact on enjoyment.All stakeholders buns excessively provide extra inputs which depart be historied by the supervisor. stabilising suggestions can be implemented as amplificational notes to the writing. Include the reveal in the Risk story file. 4. 5 choice requirements (funds, people, equipment, etc. ) In addition to staff, volunteers, parents and children, sponsor driver and Santa, equipments, be after and ply for the event. Internet, agile phones and/or walkie talkies, office equipment and supplies are required to contact, communicate and administer people & equipments for the event. The centres resources are already equipped to provide these points of call. 5. inform and MonitoringAll stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and suggestions before , during and after the event to make the troupe an pleasurable have it off for everyone involved. The supervisor is to gather, crumple and report on survey results from staff. The report can be communicated to all stakeholders in a parent teacher meeting 1 week after the event. Of brilliance is highlighting all trenchant and useless protocols, with stress on safety. The effect that stakeholders snarl the safety protocols had on their enjoyment is as well required. The last(a) report would be include into the Risk Register. action the effective procedures into close years christmas companionship plan and timing sheets. With emphasis on avoiding or minimising the ineffective.